Complete Guide to Congenital Heart Disease: Detection, Treatment & Care

What is Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)?

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) refers to heart defects that are present at birth. These structural abnormalities in the heart can affect the heart's walls, valves, arteries, and veins, disrupting normal blood flow. CHD is the most common type of birth defect, affecting approximately 1 in every 100 newborns worldwide.

Early Detection and Diagnosis

Early detection of CHD is crucial for better outcomes. At Raksha Hospital, we use advanced diagnostic techniques:

• Newborn Pulse Oximetry: Non-invasive screening test to detect low oxygen levels
• Pediatric Checkups: Regular monitoring of heart sounds and growth
• Echocardiography: Ultrasound imaging of the heart structure and function
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records electrical activity of the heart
• Chest X-ray: Shows heart size and lung condition
• Cardiac MRI: Detailed 3D images of the heart

Common Types of Congenital Heart Defects

CHD can be classified into several categories based on the type and complexity of the defect:

1. Simple Defects (Acyanotic)

• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Hole in the wall between the heart's upper chambers
• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): Blood vessel that should close after birth remains open
• Pulmonary Stenosis: Narrowing of the pulmonary valve

2. Complex Defects (Cyanotic)

• Tetralogy of Fallot: Combination of four heart defects
• Transposition of Great Arteries: Major blood vessels are switched
• Tricuspid Atresia: Missing tricuspid valve
• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Underdeveloped left side of the heart

Signs and Symptoms in Children

Parents should watch for these signs that may indicate CHD:

• In newborns: Rapid breathing, bluish skin color, poor feeding, slow weight gain
• In infants: Fatigue during feeding, sweating, rapid breathing
• In older children: Shortness of breath during physical activity, fainting, chest pain
• General symptoms: Poor growth, frequent respiratory infections, fatigue

Advanced Treatment Options

At Raksha Hospital, we offer comprehensive treatment approaches for CHD:

1. Non-Surgical Interventions

• Catheter Procedures: Minimally invasive techniques to repair defects
• Balloon Valvuloplasty: Widening narrow heart valves
• Device Closure: Closing holes in the heart with special devices
• Stent Placement: Opening narrow blood vessels

2. Surgical Procedures

• Open Heart Surgery: Traditional surgery for complex defects
• Minimally Invasive Surgery: Smaller incisions for faster recovery
• Heart Transplant: For severe cases where repair isn't possible
• Hybrid Procedures: Combination of surgery and catheter techniques

3. Medical Management

• Medications: To improve heart function and manage symptoms
• Lifestyle Modifications: Diet and exercise recommendations
• Regular Monitoring: Ongoing care and follow-up appointments

Long-term Care and Follow-up

Children with CHD require lifelong care and monitoring:

• Regular Checkups: Ongoing monitoring of heart function
• Medication Management: Ensuring proper dosage and timing
• Activity Guidelines: Safe exercise and sports participation
• Dental Care: Special precautions for dental procedures
• Emotional Support: Counseling for children and families

Why Choose Raksha Hospital for CHD Treatment?

• Expert Pediatric Cardiologists: Specialists with extensive CHD experience
• Advanced Diagnostic Equipment: Latest technology for accurate diagnosis
• Multidisciplinary Team: Cardiologists, surgeons, and specialists working together
• Family-Centered Care: Supporting both children and parents throughout treatment
• 24/7 Emergency Services: Immediate care when complications arise